Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Functional characteristics of Th1, Th17, and ex-Th17 cells in EAE revealed by intravital two-photon microscopy

doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-02021-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: EAE courses depend on T-cell differentiation and transfer protocols. a Experimental protocols to skew naïve CD4 + CD62L + toward Th17 or Th1 cells. b IL-18 increases pathogenicity of Th1 cells. Animals were injected with Th1 cells differentiated with (black line) or without IL-18 (grey line). n = 12 animals per group. Mean clinical score and SEM shown. c The onset of disease is dependent on the restimulation of Th17 cells, whereas the clinical course remains unchanged. Mice received 10 mio Th17 cells without restimulation, or were restimulated once or twice. Group size 5–9 animals per group. Mean clinical score and SEM shown. d IL-17 expression levels correlate with the onset of disease symptoms. Data from eight independent EAEs shown. Day of disease onset marks day of first mouse showing EAE symptoms. IL-17 production was measured on the day of transfer using flow cytometry. Line marks linear regression; Spearman’s r is provided. e Disease onset and severity is dependent on the amount of transferred Th17 cells. n = 15 animals per group. Mean clinical score and SEM shown. f Disease courses dependent on Th1 or Th17 application. One representative experiment shown, n = 6 animals per group. † EAE had to be terminated due to animal protection regulations (including weight loss and overall appearance); normal disease course in this model. g Quantification of typical and atypical disease courses upon Th1 or Th17 application. Data from at least four independent experiments with group sizes of 25–40 animals. h Representative examples of disease courses of individual mice

Article Snippet: Shown here is the original RFP (all cells) and GFP (IL-17-producing Th17 cells) 3D image sequence, smoothened and 3D cropped using Imaris.

Techniques: Cell Differentiation, Injection, Expressing, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Functional characteristics of Th1, Th17, and ex-Th17 cells in EAE revealed by intravital two-photon microscopy

doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-02021-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Differential cytokine applications for Th1 and Th17 induction

Article Snippet: Shown here is the original RFP (all cells) and GFP (IL-17-producing Th17 cells) 3D image sequence, smoothened and 3D cropped using Imaris.

Techniques: In Vitro, Irradiation

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Functional characteristics of Th1, Th17, and ex-Th17 cells in EAE revealed by intravital two-photon microscopy

doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-02021-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Encephalitogenic Th17 cells acquire an ex-Th17 IFN-γ-producing phenotype in vivo. a Experimental setup for TPLSM experiments. Naïve T cells from 2d2.RFP or IL-17 reporter mice were skewed to Th1 or Th17 cells. Flow cytometry was performed to verify appropriate cytokine profile. Staining was performed using antibody staining of PFA-fixed cells. Cells were then transferred to recipient mice. b Representative snapshots from TPLSM videos of different conditions. (i) transfer of 10 million 2d2 Th17-skewed cells, (ii) transfer of 10 million 2d2 Th1-skewed cells, (iii) transfer of 10 million IL-17-reporter Th17-skewed cells, (iv) transfer of 10 million IL-17-reporter Th1-skewed cells. IL-17 reporter mice express eGFP as a marker of Il17a activity, a MOG-specific T cell receptor, and ubiquitously express tdRFP. 2d2.RFP mice express a MOG-specific T-cell receptor and ubiquitously express tdRFP. c Quantification of cells per tissue volume (10 6 μm 3 ) in videos from different conditions described in ( b ). Data from at least 3 different mice per condition shown. d Quantification of single cell, living CD4 + cells after either Th1 or Th17 application. Animal scores were above 2. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 n = 4–7 animals per group. e Representative disease of 14 mice from two independent experiments. IFNγ expression (right) during Th17-induced disease (left). Expression levels of IFNγ in ex-Th17 were measured when mice displayed clinical scores of 1, 2, and 3. Expression levels have already reached their final level at the onset of disease and remain stable over its course. n = 3

Article Snippet: Shown here is the original RFP (all cells) and GFP (IL-17-producing Th17 cells) 3D image sequence, smoothened and 3D cropped using Imaris.

Techniques: In Vivo, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Marker, Activity Assay, Expressing

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Functional characteristics of Th1, Th17, and ex-Th17 cells in EAE revealed by intravital two-photon microscopy

doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-02021-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ex-Th17 cells resemble Th1 cells in terms of motility in vivo and differentially induce I-CAM1 and V-CAM1 expression on astrocytes. a Motility parameters of Th17, ex-Th17, and Th1 cells in vivo. Th17: IL-17-producing cells as indicated by IL-17 reporter mouse. Ex-Th17: 2d2.RFP Th17-skewed cells. Th1: 2d2.RFP Th1-skewed cells. Displacement rate (displacement length divided by track duration), mean track speed and track straightness shown for different cell types. Data from at least 3 independent animals per group. * p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA. b Relative frequency distribution of displacement rate, mean track speed and track straightness of IL-17 producing Th17 cells (red), Th1 cells (black), and ex-Th17 cells (blue). c Superimposed tracks of Th1, ex-Th17, and Th1 cells. One representative experiment per condition shown. Track duration 20 min. Track numbers shown: Th17 54 tracks, ex-Th17 81 tracks, Th1 81 tracks. d mRNA quantification of astrocytes in vitro after exposure to either Th1 or Th17 cells or their signature cytokines IFNγ or IL-17. Data from 8 to 11 independent cultures. **** p < 0.0001. e I-CAM1 and V-CAM1 protein expression on cerebral astrocytes during Th1- or Th17-induced EAE of two independent experiments. EAE scores are above 2. Four to nine animals analyzed. * p < 0.05

Article Snippet: Shown here is the original RFP (all cells) and GFP (IL-17-producing Th17 cells) 3D image sequence, smoothened and 3D cropped using Imaris.

Techniques: In Vivo, Expressing, In Vitro

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Functional characteristics of Th1, Th17, and ex-Th17 cells in EAE revealed by intravital two-photon microscopy

doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-02021-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative transfer EAE induction protocols in the literature

Article Snippet: Shown here is the original RFP (all cells) and GFP (IL-17-producing Th17 cells) 3D image sequence, smoothened and 3D cropped using Imaris.

Techniques: Cell Counting, Irradiation

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The Cerebellum of Patients with Steatohepatitis Shows Lymphocyte Infiltration, Microglial Activation and Loss of Purkinje and Granular Neurons

doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21399-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Patients with steatohepatitis show T lymphocytes infiltration in meninges. Representative images of sections stained using an antibody against an specific marker for T lymphocytes (CD4) are shown in ( A ) for patients with different grades of liver disease (bar 100 μm). Representative images of sections stained with Tfh and Th17 subtype markers are shown in ( B and C ), respectively for a control subject and a patient with SH2 (bar 50 μm). D shows a double immunofluorescence (CD4 in red and CX3CR1 in green) showing a SH2 patient with infiltration of CD4 + CD28 − T lymphocytes in meninges (bar 25 μm). E shows a representative image stained with anti-CD20, a marker of B lymphocytes, in a section of the same SH2 patient shown in A for T lymphocytes. F shows a representative image of a control patient stained with anti-CD20. The number of CD4 + , Tfh, Th17 and CD4 + CD28 − T lymphocytes was quantified in patients with different grades of liver disease ( G ). One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test was performed to compare all groups. Values are the mean ± SEM of 4–9 individuals per group. Values significantly different from controls are indicated by asterisks, from SH1 patients by a and from SH2 patients by b. *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.005; a p < 0.05; aaa p < 0.005; b p < 0.05; bbb p < 0.005.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used were: anti-Iba1 as microglial marker (Wako, 019-19741; 1:300 for 30 min), anti-GFAP as astrocyte marker (DAKO, IR524; ready to use for 20 min), anti CD4 for T lymphocyte staining (DAKO, M7310, 1:50 for 20 min), anti CD20 for B lymphocyte detection (DAKO, IR604, ready to use for 20 min), anti PD1 (Abcam, ab52587, 1:100 for 30 min) as Tfh cell marker and anti CCR6 as Th17 cell marker (R&D System, MAB195, 1:150 for 30 min).

Techniques: Staining, Marker, Control, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The Cerebellum of Patients with Steatohepatitis Shows Lymphocyte Infiltration, Microglial Activation and Loss of Purkinje and Granular Neurons

doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21399-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Scheme summarizing the analysis performed and their localization in cerebellum. Histo-architectural analysis was performed on post-mortem human cerebellum sections. Neuronal density analysis (black X) was performed in Purkinje layer (blue circles) and in granular layer (light blue spotted layer). Microglial (brown cloud, Iba1) and astroglial (brown star, GFAP) activation analysis was performed in molecular layer (in orange) and white matter (white). Infiltration of B lymphocytes (green circle, CD20) and of total T lymphocytes (yellow square, CD4) and the T lymphocytes subtypes Tfh, Th17 and CD4 + CD28 − was analyzed in meninges (in red).

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used were: anti-Iba1 as microglial marker (Wako, 019-19741; 1:300 for 30 min), anti-GFAP as astrocyte marker (DAKO, IR524; ready to use for 20 min), anti CD4 for T lymphocyte staining (DAKO, M7310, 1:50 for 20 min), anti CD20 for B lymphocyte detection (DAKO, IR604, ready to use for 20 min), anti PD1 (Abcam, ab52587, 1:100 for 30 min) as Tfh cell marker and anti CCR6 as Th17 cell marker (R&D System, MAB195, 1:150 for 30 min).

Techniques: Activation Assay

Journal: Veterinary Research

Article Title: Th17 cells/IL-17A shape Pasteurella multocida serotype A infection in murine and rabbit models

doi: 10.1186/s13567-025-01662-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transcriptomic data suggest that Th17 cell/IL-17A-related signaling is involved in the Pasteurella multocida serotype A infection. A Principal component analysis (PCA) of the transcriptomic data of the PmCQ2 groups and Con groups. B Transcriptomic analysis of significantly different genes between the PmCQ2 groups and Con groups. C Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of PmCQ2 groups versus Con groups and the top 30 GO terms are shown. D Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of PmCQ2 groups versus Con groups; the top 20 pathways are listed. E Th17 cell differentiation-associated genes identified via KEGG are shown. Red indicates upregulation and blue indicates downregulation. F Transcription levels of IL-6, IL-23, and TGF-β in PmCQ2-infected murine lungs at 24 hpi. G Representative images of mIHC staining of IL-17A and CD4 in Con- and PmCQ2-infected murine lungs at 32 hpi. The double-positive cells were mature Th17 cells. Scale bar = 100 μm. H Flow cytometry analysis of Th17 cells in PmCQ2-infected murine lungs at 32 hpi. (Right) quantification of Th17 cells in PmCQ2-infected murine lungs at 32 hpi. I Transcription levels of IL-17A and IL-22 in PmCQ2-infected murine lungs at 24 hpi. Every point represents one individual. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Th17 cells were identified via a Mouse Th17 Cell Flow Cytometry Staining Kit (Elabscience, XJM002).

Techniques: Infection, Cell Differentiation, Staining, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Veterinary Research

Article Title: Th17 cells/IL-17A shape Pasteurella multocida serotype A infection in murine and rabbit models

doi: 10.1186/s13567-025-01662-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Th17 cells inhibit Pasteurella multocida serotype A infection. A Representative images of mIHC staining of the macrophage marker CD68 and the T-cell marker CD3 in Con- and PmCQ2-infected murine lungs at 32 hpi. Scale bar = 100 μm. B Flow cytometry analysis and quantification of CD3 + T cells in Con- and PmCQ2-infected murine lungs at 32 hpi. C A scheme showing the GSK805 (30 mg/kg) treatment protocol at the top. The survival curves of PmCQ2-infected mice treated with or without 30 mg/kg GSK805 are shown at the bottom. D A scheme presents the in vitro Th17 cell differentiation and treatment assay protocol. E Survival curves of PmCQ2-infected mice treated with or without 10 6 Th17 cells. F Representative photographs of murine lungs infected with PmCQ2 plus saline or Th17 cells at 32 hpi. G Representative images of HE staining of murine lungs infected with PmCQ2 plus saline or Th17 cells at 32 hpi. Scale bar = 200 μm. H The bacterial load of the infected lungs and blood at 32 hpi. I Quantification of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β PmCQ2-infected murine serum at 32 hpi. J Quantification of AST, ALT, BUN, and CREA levels in PmCQ2-infected murine serum at 32 hpi. Every point represents one individual. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Th17 cells were identified via a Mouse Th17 Cell Flow Cytometry Staining Kit (Elabscience, XJM002).

Techniques: Infection, Staining, Marker, Flow Cytometry, In Vitro, Cell Differentiation, Saline

Journal: Veterinary Research

Article Title: Th17 cells/IL-17A shape Pasteurella multocida serotype A infection in murine and rabbit models

doi: 10.1186/s13567-025-01662-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-17A, a Th17 cell effector, restricts Pasteurella multocida serotype A infection. A Quantification of IL-17A in PmCQ2-infected murine blood and lungs at 32 hpi. B Western blot analysis and quantification of IL-17A in PmCQ2-infected murine lungs. C A schematic of the mouse IL-17A neutralizing antibody treatment protocol. D Survival curves of PmCQ2-infected mice treated with or without 200 μg of mouse IL-17A neutralizing antibody. E The bacterial load of the infected lungs and blood at 32 hpi. F Representative photographs of murine lungs infected with PmCQ2 plus IgG or 200 μg of mouse IL-17A neutralizing antibody at 32 hpi. G Representative images of HE staining of murine lungs infected with PmCQ2 plus IgG or 200 μg of mouse IL-17A neutralizing antibody at 32 hpi. Scale bar = 200 μm. H Quantification of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β PmCQ2-infected murine serum at 32 hpi. I Quantification of AST, ALT, BUN, and CREA levels in PmCQ2-infected murine serum at 32 hpi. J A schematic of the 10 μg/kg recombinant mouse IL-17A treatment protocol. K Survival curves of PmCQ2-infected mice treated with or without 10 μg/kg recombinant mouse IL-17A. L Representative photographs of murine lungs infected with PmCQ2 plus 10 μg/kg BSA or 10 μg/kg recombinant mouse IL-17A at 32 hpi. M Representative images of HE staining of murine lungs infected with PmCQ2 plus 10 μg/kg BSA or 10 μg/kg recombinant mouse IL-17A at 32 hpi. Scale bar = 200 μm. N The bacterial load of the infected lungs and blood at 32 hpi. O Quantification of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β PmCQ2-infected murine serum at 32 hpi. P Quantification of AST, ALT, BUN, and CREA levels in PmCQ2-infected murine serum at 32 hpi. Every point represents one individual. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Th17 cells were identified via a Mouse Th17 Cell Flow Cytometry Staining Kit (Elabscience, XJM002).

Techniques: Infection, Western Blot, Staining, Recombinant

Journal: Veterinary Research

Article Title: Th17 cells/IL-17A shape Pasteurella multocida serotype A infection in murine and rabbit models

doi: 10.1186/s13567-025-01662-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: STAT3 is critical for Th17 cell development during Pasteurella multocida serotype A infection. A Transcription levels of Stat3 in PmCQ2-infected murine lungs at 24 hpi. B Western blot analysis and quantification of p-Stat3 and Stat3 in PmCQ2-infected murine lungs. C A scheme presents the Stattic treatment assay protocol. D Western blot analysis and quantification of p-Stat3 and Stat3 in PmCQ2-infected murine lungs. E Survival curves of PmCQ2-infected mice treated with or without 15 mg/kg Stattic. F The bacterial load of the infected lungs and blood at 32 hpi. G Photographs of murine lungs infected with PmCQ2 plus vehicle or 15 mg/kg Stattic at 32 hpi. H Representative images of HE staining of murine lungs infected with PmCQ2 plus vehicle or 15 mg/kg Stattic at 32 hpi. Scale bar = 200 μm. I Quantification of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β PmCQ2-infected murine serum at 32 hpi. J Quantification of AST, ALT, BUN, and CREA levels in PmCQ2-infected murine serum at 32 hpi. K Western blot analysis and quantification of IL-17A in PmCQ2-infected murine lungs. L Representative images of mIHC staining of IL-17A and CD4 in Con- and PmCQ2-infected murine lungs at 32 hpi. The double-positive cells are mature Th17 cells. Scale bar = 100 μm. M Flow cytometry analysis and quantification of Th17 PmCQ2-infected murine lungs at 32 hpi. Every point represents one individual. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Th17 cells were identified via a Mouse Th17 Cell Flow Cytometry Staining Kit (Elabscience, XJM002).

Techniques: Infection, Western Blot, Staining, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Veterinary Research

Article Title: Th17 cells/IL-17A shape Pasteurella multocida serotype A infection in murine and rabbit models

doi: 10.1186/s13567-025-01662-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Regulation of Th17 cell/IL-17A activation via the IL-6–JAK2–STAT3 axis in Pasteurella multocida serotype A infection. A Transcription levels of IL-6, Jak2, and Stat3 in PmCQ2-infected murine lungs at 24 hpi. B Quantification of IL-6 in PmCQ2-infected murine serum in a time-dependent manner. C Western blot analysis and quantification of p-Jak2, Jak2, p-Stat3, and Stat3 in PmCQ2-infected murine lungs in a time-dependent manner. D A schematic of the IL-6-KO mouse treatment protocol at the top. The survival curves of PmCQ2-infected IL-6-KO mice treated with or without 10 μg/kg recombinant mouse IL-17A are shown. E Western blot analysis and quantification of p-Jak2, Jak2, p-Stat3, and Stat3 in PmCQ2-infected murine lungs. F Representative images of mIHC staining of IL-17A and CD4 in Con- and PmCQ2-infected murine lungs at 32 hpi. The double-positive cells are mature Th17 cells. Scale bar = 100 μm. G Flow cytometry analysis and quantification of Th17 PmCQ2-infected murine lungs at 32 hpi. Every point represents one individual. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Th17 cells were identified via a Mouse Th17 Cell Flow Cytometry Staining Kit (Elabscience, XJM002).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Infection, Western Blot, Recombinant, Staining, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Veterinary Research

Article Title: Th17 cells/IL-17A shape Pasteurella multocida serotype A infection in murine and rabbit models

doi: 10.1186/s13567-025-01662-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic showing that Th17 cells/IL-17A shape Pasteurella multocida serotype A infection. Serotype A Pasteurella multocida (PmA) causes systemic infection and excessive release of inflammatory factors by destroying the lung barrier. In contrast to previous reports that PmA induces an excessive immune response, although PmA can induce a Th17 cell response, it inhibits T-cell immunity, resulting in insufficient activation of Th17 cells and their effector molecule IL-17A, which ultimately limits the clearance of PmA. At the molecular level, the IL-6–JAK2–STAT3 axis is strongly involved in Th17 cell/IL-17A activation during PmA infection. Importantly, targeting Th17 cells and IL-17A has potential for clinical application, as evidenced by the significant attenuation of PmA-induced lung injury and systemic inflammation as well as the reduction in animal mortality.

Article Snippet: Th17 cells were identified via a Mouse Th17 Cell Flow Cytometry Staining Kit (Elabscience, XJM002).

Techniques: Infection, Activation Assay

Journal: Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine

Article Title: Upregulation of miR‐9 and miR‐193b over human Th17 cell differentiation

doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1538

Figure Lengend Snippet: Associations between TCF7, MAP3K1, ENTPD1, NT5E, and 55 genes involved in autoimmune diseases and 116Th17 differentiation genes. TCF7, MAP3K1, ENTPD1, and NT5E are strongly associated to Th17 differentiation genes shown in purple. Additionally, there are a large number of interactions between selected genes and autoimmune disease‐relevant genes depicted in blue.

Article Snippet: The culture plates were coated overnight with 5 μg/ml anti‐CD3 antibody (R&D Systems) at 2‐8°C, and then, cells were cultured under Th17 cell‐polarizing condition using the CellXVivo Human Th17 Cell Differentiation Kit (R&D Systems) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 for 6 days (Hakemi et al., , ).

Techniques:

Journal: Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine

Article Title: Upregulation of miR‐9 and miR‐193b over human Th17 cell differentiation

doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1538

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heatmap of miR‐9‐5p and miR‐193b‐3p related signaling pathways. (a) miR‐9‐5p involvement in multiple Th17 differentiation pathways such as TGF‐β signaling, NF‐kappa B signaling, MAPK signaling, HIF‐1 signaling. (b) Association of miR‐193b with critical pathways regulating Th17 differentiation including Toll‐like receptor, and Notch signaling pathways. Color gradient demonstrates pathway values with pale yellow, as the lowest and red, as the highest importance.

Article Snippet: The culture plates were coated overnight with 5 μg/ml anti‐CD3 antibody (R&D Systems) at 2‐8°C, and then, cells were cultured under Th17 cell‐polarizing condition using the CellXVivo Human Th17 Cell Differentiation Kit (R&D Systems) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 for 6 days (Hakemi et al., , ).

Techniques: Protein-Protein interactions

Journal: Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine

Article Title: Upregulation of miR‐9 and miR‐193b over human Th17 cell differentiation

doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1538

Figure Lengend Snippet: Differentiation of Th17 cells. (a) Representative images of differentiating human naïve CD + T cells on day 0 to 6. The number and size of cellular aggregations increased during differentiation, promoting differentiation process by increasing cell‐cell contacts. (b) Concentration of IL‐17 as a characteristic marker of Th17 cells during differentiation. IL‐17 secretion rose substantially during differentiation, reaching a peak on day 6. (** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, students t ‐test; Scale bar = 100 μM).

Article Snippet: The culture plates were coated overnight with 5 μg/ml anti‐CD3 antibody (R&D Systems) at 2‐8°C, and then, cells were cultured under Th17 cell‐polarizing condition using the CellXVivo Human Th17 Cell Differentiation Kit (R&D Systems) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 for 6 days (Hakemi et al., , ).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Marker

Journal: Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine

Article Title: Upregulation of miR‐9 and miR‐193b over human Th17 cell differentiation

doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1538

Figure Lengend Snippet: RT‐qPCR analysis of TCF7, MAP3K1, ENTPD1, and NT5E expression levels during human Th17 differentiation. The expression levels of TCF7 (a), MAP3K1 (b), ENTPD1 (c), and NT5E (d) declined dramatically during Th17 differentiation. Expression of genes was normalized to GAPDH level as an internal control (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, students t ‐test).

Article Snippet: The culture plates were coated overnight with 5 μg/ml anti‐CD3 antibody (R&D Systems) at 2‐8°C, and then, cells were cultured under Th17 cell‐polarizing condition using the CellXVivo Human Th17 Cell Differentiation Kit (R&D Systems) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 for 6 days (Hakemi et al., , ).

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Control

Journal: Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine

Article Title: Upregulation of miR‐9 and miR‐193b over human Th17 cell differentiation

doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1538

Figure Lengend Snippet: RT‐qPCR analysis of miR‐9, and miR‐193b expression levels over human Th17 differentiation. (a) miR‐9 expression increased significantly over human Th17 differentiation. (b) There was a substantial rise in miR‐193b level during human Th17 differentiation. Results were normalized to U6 snRNA expression (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, students t ‐test).

Article Snippet: The culture plates were coated overnight with 5 μg/ml anti‐CD3 antibody (R&D Systems) at 2‐8°C, and then, cells were cultured under Th17 cell‐polarizing condition using the CellXVivo Human Th17 Cell Differentiation Kit (R&D Systems) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 for 6 days (Hakemi et al., , ).

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing